The Role of Convivial Conservation in Human-Wildlife Conflict Resolution in the Selous Game Reserve in Tanzania

Abstract

Human-wildlife conflicts cause substantial drawbacks to environmental conservation initiatives in Tanzania, especially where conservation efforts overlap with other community needs. Various community-based approaches have either been developed or adopted in the country to promote coexistence near protected areas, and attract socio-economic advancement in target contexts. Yet, these have proven ineffective in reducing human-wildlife conflicts. This paper analyses how the convivial conservation approach may potentially help in addressing human-wildlife conflicts in protected areas, using the Selous Game Reserve as a case. It employs the convivial conservation approach proposed by Buscher and Fletcher (2019), and a mixed-methods methodology that includes in depth interviews, focus group discussions, observations, and storytelling in eliciting how the specified approach fosters collaboration and conflict resolution between communities and conservation authorities. The results suggest that the convivial conservation approach is effective in resolving human-wildlife conflicts. The approach advocates for equitable power distribution, co-existence, participatory government, and community empowerment. It also protects biodiversity and connects conservation objectives with community interests. The results further reveal that the convivial approach converts conflict zones into mutually beneficial areas, and also encourages long-term coexistence and environmental justice. This paper proposes policy changes, increased awareness, education, capacity building, land use planning and participatory governance to protect local livelihoods and biodiversity.