The Development of Coastal Tourism in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Assessing Awareness and Adherence to Principles of Ecotourism

Abstract

The development of coastal tourism in Dar es Salaam presents a strategic opportunity for economic diversification, but risks significant environmental and socio-cultural footprints if unguided. This paper critically assesses the adherence to ecotourism principles in this rapid development. Using a mixed methods and a multiple-case study approach, it evaluated eleven facilities across three sites (Ununio, Kunduchi, and Mbezi Beach) against parameters of beach management, architectural form/technology, and local community involvement. Key findings reveal an overall low level of adherence to ecotourism principles. While professional awareness was high among architects (85%), it was inconsistent among other stakeholders. Benefits to local communities were unevenly distributed: 60.5% of connected fishermen reported gains, yet 75% of non-involved residents felt excluded. Facility types influenced outcomes, with resorts being more community-accessible than restrictive hotels. Foreign tourists (84%) strongly preferred pristine and nature-integrated developments over modern constructions. The study concludes that current development patterns are not aligned with sustainable paradigms. It recommends an integrated policy framework enforcing ecotourism guidelines, mandatory stakeholder education, and inclusive planning to ensure coastal tourism balances economic growth with environmental conservation and equitable community benefits.