Water-Use Permits and Water Accessibility for Livestock in Tanzania
Keywords:
Keywords, water-use permit, water resources, pastoralists, Ruaha sub-basin, TanzaniaAbstract
Abstract
The system of water-use permits in the Ruaha sub-basin, Tanzania, has failed to guarantee smooth accessibility of water to pastoralists. Due to the allocation of water-use permits for irrigation agriculture without considering the interests of the pastoralists, re-allocation of designated livestock watering points for other uses, and the lack of formal documents for protecting livestock watering points have rendered pastoralists to being non-entitled to water. Although there are some possible ' windows ' of cooperation between holders of collective water-use permits and pastoralists, however there are more challenges that makes those windows to be ineffective.
References
References
Caponera, D. A. (1992). Principles of Water Law and Administration (National and International), Rotterdam: Balkema.
Cooley, H & P. H. Gleick. (2011). Climate €“Proofing Transboundary Water Agreements. Hydrology Sciences Journal, 56(4): 711 €“718.
Fischhendler, I. (2008). Ambiguity in Transboundary Environmental Dispute Resolution: The Israel €“Jordanian Water Agreement. Journal of Peace Research, 45(1): 91 €“109.
Hodgson, S. (2006). Modern Water Rights: Theory and Practice, FAO.
MacCaffrey, S. C. (2003). The Need for Flexibility in Freshwater Treaty Regimes. Natural Resources Forum, 27(2): 156 €“162.
Maganga, F.P. (2003). Incorporating Customary Laws in Implementation of IWRM: Some Insights from Rufiji River Basin, Tanzania. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 28, 995 €“1000, Elsevier.
Magayane, M. D & V. M. Mdemu. (2005). Conflict of Water-use Between Hydropower and Irrigation in Tanzania: The Conundrum of Sectoral Policy Approaches to Water Resources Development. Available at http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/conflictofwater (Accessed on (20th April (2015).
Petersen €“Perlman, J. D., J. C. Veilleux & A. T. Wolf. (2017). International Water Conflict and Cooperation: Challenges And Opportunities. Water International, Taylor & Francis Group.
Rogers, P and Hall, A. W. (2003). Effective Water Governance. Stockholm: Global Water Partnership.
Sadoff, C. W. & D. Grey. (2002). Beyond the River: The Benefits of Cooperation on International Rivers. Water Policy, 4(5): 389 €“403.
Sokile, C. S., J. J. Kashaigili & R. M. Kadigi. (2003). Toward an Integrated Water Resource Management in Tanzania: The Role of appropriate Institutional Framework in Rufiji Basin. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 28 (20 €“27): 1015 €“1023, Elsevier.
United Republic of Tanzania (URT). (2009). The Water Resources Management Act No.11 of (2009, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
USAID. (2014). Water & Conflict. Washington DC: USAID.
Van Koppen, B & B. Schreiner. (2014). Priority General Authorizations in Rights €“Based Water-use Authorization in South Africa. Water Policy, 00, 1 €“19, IWA.
Van Koppen, B. (2007). Dispossession at the Interface of Community €“Based Water Law and Permit System. In B. van Koppen, M. Giordano & J. Butterworth (Eds.), Community €“Based Water Law and Water Resource Management Reform in Developing Countries, CAB International.
Veldwisch, G. J., W. Beekman, & A. Bolding. (2013). Smallholder Irrigators, Water Rights and Investments in Agriculture: Three Cases from Rural Mozambique. Water Alternatives, 6(1): 125 €“141.
Water-use Permits and Accessibility for Livestock in Tanzania
Water Governance Facility (WGF). (2012). Human Right €“Based Approaches and Managing Water Resources: Exploring the Potential for Enhancing Development Outcomes. WGF Report No. 1. Stockholm: International Water Institute.
Wolf, A. T., A. Kramer, A. Carius & G. D. Dabelko. (2005). Managing Water Conflict and Cooperation. In E. Ayres (ed.). State of the World: Redefining Global Security, Washington DC: World watch Institute.
Wolf, A. T., K. Stahl & M. F. Macomber. (2003). Conflict and Cooperation Within International River Basins: The Importance of Institutional Capacity. Water Resources Update, 125, 1 €“10.
Yoffe, S. B., G. Fiske, M. Giordano, M. A. Giordano, K. Larson, K. Stahl & A. T. Wolf. (2004). Geography of International Water Conflict and Cooperation: Data Sets and Applications. Water Resources Research, 40(5): 1 €“12.
Yoffe, S. B., A. T. Wolf & M. Giordano. (2003). Conflict and Cooperation Over International Freshwater Resources: Indicators of Basins at Risk. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 39(5): 1109 €“1126.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish in the Tanzania Journal of Development Studies retain the copyright to their work and grant the University of Dar es Salaam non-exclusive to publish, reproduce and distribute the article.
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
