Verbal Derivation and Reduplication in the Kinga Language

Abstract

This paper describes verbal extensions and reduplication in the Kinga language. Thirteen verbal extensions are examined. Most of Kinga’s verbal extensions align with those reconstructed for Proto-Bantu. These extensions include causative, applicative, passive, separative, stative, reflexive, reciprocal, associative, impositive, intensive, extensive, positional, and contactive. Reduplication is discussed because it is another means of derivation. However, it is less productive, especially with verbs. There are highly productive, moderately productive, and unproductive extensions. The highly productive extensions are causative, applicative, and passive, while separative and stative are moderately productive. Conversely, contactive, extensive and impositive extensions are less productive. There are cases of multiple extension where the verb is formed by attaching more than one affix to it. Reduplication in Kinga appears in two forms, full reduplication and partial reduplication. Keywords: Kinga, verbal extension, suffix, causative, applicative, passive DOI: 10.56279/jlle.v19i2.4