Submissions

Author Guidelines

1. The editor accepts manuscripts ranging from 6,000 to 8,000 words for articles and between 600 and 800 words for reviews.

2. Articles should be accompanied by an abstract of 200-250 words. 3. Manuscripts should be typed, double-spaced, in 12-point Times New Roman. 4. References should be written in alphabetical order, and the recommended style for citation is the Australian version of the Harvard style where in-text citations are used when quoting or paraphrasing a source.

Simplified AGPS Harvard Referencing

This citation style is an adaptation of the Australian Government Publishing Service (AGPS) Harvard referencing, an author-date style, meaning in-text citations (author year) are used to acknowledge the author(s) of ideas and quotes you have included in the body of your assignment. The details of these citations are then included in a reference list, organised alphabetically, at the end of your assignment.

The in-text citation comprises the source’s author’s surname and year of publication enclosed in round brackets.  If referencing a direct quote, put the quote in single quotation marks, and include a page number in the reference:

… cost (Breen 2007). However, Lee (2012) reported a contrary result, along with other studies (Keen 2014; Lee 2014; Wojk 2013, 2016). This supports the contention that the original data was incomplete (Hillsdon 2015), or as Johnson and Hansen (2005) have stated, ‘seriously deficient’ (p. 97). 

Where there are several authors, or no author, see the variations below. 

Basic format (Author Year). Include the author's surname (family name) and the year of publication. The citation placed either at the end of the sentence in the round brackets and before the full stop, or within a sentence:

  … which is confirmed by one study (Breen 1977).       … the study by Breen (1977) confirmed these results.                 

Author Prominent (in Sentence) Quote - basic format with page number (Author Year, Page) When quoting or referring to a specific page, a page number must be provided after the year. It was described as ‘a stunning victory’ (Mwakyembe 2005, p. 17).     Harrison  2005) described it as ‘a stunning victory’ (p. 20).    

Page Number for Quote, Author Prominent

When quoting and there is no page number, use section or paragraph:

(Johnson 2003, ‘Introduction’) … (Kennett 1998, para. 12) … (Wong 2012, Figure 3)

Two authors with same surname (Author, A Year) Given two authors with the same surname, include the author’s first initial in all citations even if the year of publication differs (if they have the same first initial, use the second initial as well):

 … which is confirmed by the most recent study (Smith, M 2013).      … the study by H Smith (2013) confirmed these results.                 

More than one publication with same author and year (Author Year + lowercase letter). If there is more than one publication by the same author in the same year use lower case letters in alphabetical order to distinguish them:

… which is confirmed by the most recent study (Sympson, 2017a).           … the study by Sympson (2017b) confirmed these results.            

Two or three authors (Author & Author Year). If there are two or three authors,  the citation is placed at the end of a sentence in parentheses, but not it if the citation is made within the text:

(Roberts & Wallace 2015)   and (Baudot, Roberts & Wallace 2016)           OR          Roberts and Wallace (2015) …    Baudot, Roberts and Wallace (2016) …   for two or three authors, respectively.

Four or more authors (Author et al. Year) In your in-text citations, name the first author followed by ‘et al.’ in all mentions: 

(Bennan-Jones et al. 1994)    OR        Bennan-Jones et al. (1994) …        

However, name all authors in the reference list, as given in the source. 

Corporate authors (Organisation name Year) If the author is a corporation or association, the name is usually spelt out in full for each citation with an acronym in square brackets. The acronym can be used in repeated citations:

 (Amnesty International 2016)    OR  Amnesty International (2016)    in all mentions.

In reference section:

Print: Author Last Name, Initial(s) Year, Title: subtitle, Nation/Country, Language group, Place of Nation/Country, Publisher, Location.

Example: Nganampa Health Council 1991, Anangu way, Anangu Pitjantjatjara, South Australia, Nganampa Health Council, Alice Springs, Northern Territory.

Electronic: Author Last Name, Initial(s) Year, Title: subtitle, Nation/Country, Language group, Place of Nation/Country, viewed Day Month Year, DOI:<XX.XXX> OR <URL>

Example: Behrendt, L 2012, Indigenous Australia for dummies, Eualeyai, Kamillaroi, North-Western New South Wales, viewed 28 March 2019, https://www.perlego.com/book/1013920/indigenous-australia-for-dummies-pdf

• If the author is not known, use 'Unrecorded' in place of the author.
• Present DOIs and URLs as hyperlinks, for example: http:// or https://
• If the resource has a DOI, you must use the DOI. Use either of the following formats: DOI:<xx.xxx> or <https://doi.org/xxxx>
• Omit the URL element if the URL is from a research database or library catalogue. Format as a print book.
• Omit the publisher if the author and publisher are the same.
• Omit information if not known.

The article/paper should be submitted via the online submission platform at https://journals.udsm.ac.tz/index.php/umma, with a copy simultaneously sent via the following email to the Editor:  umma@udsm.ac.tz The editorial process will be undertaken using the UDSM journal system.

Tel: +255-22-2410110

The paper/article should have no indication of the authorial details, which should   be placed on a separate piece of paper with the title of the paper/article. All the   images should have copyright permission.